Thermal insulation material mae from fibrous substances



ug- 7, 1945. w. GARNER 2,381,214

THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL MADE FROM FIBROUS SUBSTANCES Filed Sept. 18, 1943 still air, which can be readily a weaving operation, which are relatively strong in withstanding manipulation and use, .and I of plush, two

preferably unsized condition,

- e. g. by collapse from Patented P ug. 7, 1945.

Walter Garner,

FROM FIBBOUS SUBSTANCES I Menston in Wharfedale, England,

assignor of one-half to Lister and- Company, IJmited,Bradlor -d, England Application September is, 1943,8erlal no. 562,985 I I In Great'Britain April 2, 1942 I 3 Claims. (01. 139-410) This invention" relates to improvements in thermal insulationmaterlals (against heat or cold) made from'fibrous substances and useful in a wide variety-of applications, for instance in sleeping bags, and

the construction of clothing, coverings or linings in or in connection with the construction of buildings, transport vehicles and other structures.

The expression fibrous substances" includesany mineral,-vegetable, protein, cellulosic'or syn- The primary object of the invention i'sto convert fibrous substances into textile fabrications thetic material, or mixtures of the same, in'the. form of filaments or fibres, especially fibresaof 500 microns and scouring, the interior becomes largely filled wi a comparatively loosely packed mass of fibres, whichentrap a layer of still air in a manner which hinders the setting up of convection currents. I I

I Accordingly there may be used connecting yarns which are twisted only to the extent usual for "singles yarns or even to the minimum extent which-will allow them the textile elements or y n m y have been subjected to the process known as astrachan curling and/or may be composed of fibres which are naturally or have been artifically crimpedand/or which belong to the class of fibres having. a small diameter.

themselves may however be of large diameter or counts."

which contain in their interior a layer of fairly manufactured by which have very good thermal insulation properties.

Broadly stated, the basic feature of .the thermal insulation material according to the invention is that it comprises, two textile fabrics spaced apart, preferably by at least one-sixteenth of an, three inches, and connected by textile elements which are wovenin the two fabrics. Such a 1 fabrication may be produced, for example, in one operation on a loom capable of weaving a warp pile fabric (to the uncut stage) such as a "double plush loom, which weaves for subsequent separation by cutting in the manufacture distinct textile fabrics. preferably light in weight, tied together or connected by the. p ing elements to may also be employed. I

In this way a layer of fairly still air is contained in the interior of the fabrication, and it is considered that this layer of-still air is the true insulator.

In one form of the ments which connect the two textile fabrics are composed of fibres which when in an are very loosely packed or lightly twisted together with the result that when the two outer fabrics become closer the 100m state, by pressure or consequent upon a invention the textile ele- I together,

finishing process such as as component elements,

so inch and not more than Other looms which enable the connectbe inserted in-the form of weft elements or yarns the fabrication includes of fibres. Such In another form of the invention the textile employed as connectors may be comparatively rigid in character, or closely packed, or both, with the result that the fabrication is resistant to compression, thus a content of fairly still air even when compressed. Thus relatively thick fibres such as horsehair, or relatively rigid fibres such as mohair, may be used.

Instead of using fibres which inherently possess the desired degree of resilient flexibility, there may be employed other fibres which have been treated, e. g. by impregnation with synthetic resin, so'as to impart or augment such property. The connecting elements may in this case be tightly twisted and may be employed twofold or manifold. In this form the outer fabrics may be tightly woven so as to contain between them a layer of fairly still air. I v

In a preferred development of the invention. between the two spaced apart textile fabrics a packing of fibrous material in addition to the connecting elements and which in contrast to these is not woven into either of the textile fabrics. Such fibrous material may be incorporated in the form of loosely may during the weavin of the fabrication or it may be inserted afterwards in the woven fabrication interior, singles yarn, rovings or slivers, or any combination thereof, substantially parallel to the selvedge or the weft of the cloth so that theylie between rows of connecting yarn which are suitably space The connecting yarn may accordingly be sparsely disto be processed. Also,

The connecting elements of course be smd in order to the connecting elements may be single yarns, or small aroupeofbileyarnasaytwo or'three in each or to be illled with the singles yarn, rovings, slivers or other forms of loose nbrous mass.

The packing or the connecting elements may be compositeyarns consisting ofl the fibrous substance twisted with or wrapped around or within another yarn or filament subsequently to be removed For example, a yarn of wool may be wrapped in a spiral around a filament .of rayon. composed of calcium alsinate so that when the cloth is scoured, e. g. in soap and sodium carbonate solution, the alginate will dissolve and the released spiral of wool yarn will expand or the rayon may be wrapped around an untwisted silver or roving to hold the fibres ing, the rayon being subsequently removed.

Any or all of the yarns, rovings, or slivers, may

assist manipulation, and they may after weaving be de-sized and/or scoured with the effect of causing them to become more bulky.

The outer cloths may be fabricated or treated in various ways in order to en oe the pr perties of the fabrication with reg d to its thermal insulation or to th nature of its employmentyor merely for decorative purposes. For example. one or both cloths may be sprayed or coated with metal, rubber or other substance, or be woven with a float of rayon or other material whichis especially useful for the inside of sarments. Also two or more layers of the fabrication may be stuck or sewn or otherwise fastened or held together, or a layer may be stuck or sewn to another textile fabric, to form a composite unit.

It is to b understood that fabrications actogether during weav-' assure accom textile elements eing'in e stbs warp substantially lengths understcodas rial oordingtothisinventienpoe'seessoundinsulation properties as well-as thermal insulation proper ties. the term "thermal insulation materiar'usedintheappendedclaimsistobe comprising sound insulation mate- An example'of the invention is shown in the Figure 1 is a flat section of the fabrication;

Plgure2isacrosssectiomand limit is asectionontheline 8-4 ofFlgure 2.

In the drawing i and! are two woven fabrics with weft 8 and between the two fabrics. They are kept in position and the fabrics are held together by connecting elements constituted by the binding ends C weaving in and between the fabrics.

What I claim is: i v

1. A fibrous structure comprising textile fabrics into which are woven textile elements which connect the fabrics together and a packing of fibrous material between the said fabrics, the said lying respectively between the rows, and each of said textile fabrics having a weft in a direction transverse to the rows and a only between the packin -2. The fibrous structure as claimed in claim 1 in which the packing of fibrous material is in the form of slivers.

3. Thermal insulation comprising a plurality of fabrications held together, each fabrication being a iibrous structure comprising textile fabrics into which are woven textile elements which connect the fabrics together and a packing of fibrous material between the said fabrics. the said textile elements being in rows, the said packing being in lengths lying respectively between the rows, and

4 each of said textile fabrics having a weft in a direction transverse tothe rows and a warp substantially only between the packing lengths.

WALTER. GARNER.

tic drawing, in which.

war l. slivers I are floating being in rows, the said packing 

